Keyword / Ship point value

Is there a rule document that indicates the point value associated with each keyword/ability. ?

Also a formula to determine the point value of a game piece or a ship based on its specific stats?

Not a rule document, but you can figure out some of the crew ability costs pretty easily, although some changed over time. You can see some of them at the Customs Database (some are my values rather than printed costs) or Cadet-Captain Mike’s Pirates page (some might be incorrect).

There are some points calculators on PSMList for ships along with documentation for each. I’ve found them to be quite useful, especially when taking an average across all of them rather than relying on one specifically.